Paracetamol API
Paracetamol, also known as Acetaminophen (CAS 103-90-2), is a widely utilized active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) primarily known for its analgesic and antipyretic properties.
Description
Paracetamol, or N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide, with the chemical formula C8H9NO2, is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent. It is a crystalline white powder with a molecular weight of 151.16 g/mol. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, albeit through a different pathway than NSAIDs, particularly in the central nervous system. This selective inhibition contributes to its efficacy in reducing pain and fever with a comparatively lower incidence of gastrointestinal side effects. Paracetamol is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, reaching peak plasma concentrations within 30 to 60 minutes after oral administration. It undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver, primarily through glucuronidation and sulfation, with a small portion metabolized via the cytochrome P450 enzyme system to a reactive intermediate, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Under normal therapeutic doses, NAPQI is detoxified by conjugation with glutathione, but in overdose, glutathione stores can be depleted, leading to hepatic toxicity. Its solubility in water is moderate, but it is highly soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone. Paracetamol is a cornerstone in pain management and fever reduction globally, available in numerous formulations.
Applications
Paracetamol API is predominantly used in the pharmaceutical industry for the manufacturing of a wide array of medicinal products. These include tablets, capsules, liquid suspensions, suppositories, and intravenous solutions. It serves as a key ingredient in numerous over-the-counter and prescription medications for symptomatic relief of mild to moderate pain, such as headaches, muscle aches, menstrual periods, arthritis, toothaches, and the pain and fever of colds and flu. It is often combined with other active ingredients like caffeine, codeine, or antihistamines to create combination therapies addressing various symptoms. Its broad utility stems from its efficacy and relatively safe profile when used appropriately, making it an essential component in global healthcare.
Storage & Handling
Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials. Protect from light and moisture. Ground and bond containers when transferring material. Avoid dust formation and accumulation. Ensure good industrial hygiene practices are followed.
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